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蒂凡尼•于(Tiffany Yu)是一位27岁的美国社会企业家和达沃斯社会创变者。她毕业于宾州大学沃顿商学院，曾在高盛从事风险投资管理。每个月她会通过在富达慈善基金会——美国最有影响力的捐赠者服务基金的账户捐出29,500美元给6个国家的30个残障人士赋能项目。

本文作为捐赠者服务基金(Donor Advised Fund, DAF)的实践案例，讲述中产阶层青年一代使用DAF捐赠的方式。

蒂凡尼•于说她一直是个“数学呆子”。这就是为什么这位27岁的旧金山居民三年前自愿在旧金山湾区的一个大学预科项目中向高二学生教授数学和科学的原因。

她希望与来自贫困家庭的孩子们分享她(对数学和科学)的热情。但她注意到这个过程中一些有趣的事情:方程式完全没有阻碍这些学生在科学(STEM)领域发展的兴趣。

虽然学生们可以很好地完成计算任务，但是他们却不能用同样的数字、同样的方程式来解决文字问题/应用题——而这是大学标准化考试内容的重要组成部分。

这位大数据分析顾问、宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院毕业生蒂凡尼发现了一个她可以帮助解决的问题。

她找到了一个名为“超级明星扫盲”(Super Stars Literacy, SSL)的地方组织，这个组织不仅激发了她内心的数学怪客，还激起了她从事教育志愿工作的热情。

SSL不仅采用了独特的课程来指导低收入家庭孩子在阅读和行为方面的发展，还衡量了每个学生在发展过程中的成长。蒂凡尼可以从他们报告的数据中看出这个非营利组织有多成功。

01
  为捐赠创造时间和资金来源

蒂凡尼于2016年加入了该非营利组织的董事会，这促使她做出了另一个重要的决定:在富达慈善基金会(Fidelity Charitable，美国最有影响力的捐赠者服务基金会,DAF)建立了一个捐赠者服务基金账户，以便更好地组织自己的捐赠，并跟踪自己的慈善数据。

捐赠者服务基金(DAFs)是英、美等国发展最快的慈善捐赠工具。与建立独立的慈善基金会相比，它们有以下几个优势：节约成本(不需要办公场地和雇员)、节税(可以享受捐赠免税)、更具灵活性、易于管理以及信托和报告要求的便利性。

在大多数情况下，个人先在DAF基金会建立捐赠基金账户，然后向账户捐款，之后可以随时追加。这些捐赠是不可撤销的，它们会成为管理慈善机构的资产，但个人可向该机构提供资金流向建议。

有关受助组织慈善目的的尽职调查由DAF经理或其授权机构负责。一旦完成，DAF就会根据捐赠人指令提供捐赠。根据供应者的不同，可能会提供其他服务和建议，包括战略规划、影响度量和拨款管理在内的咨询服务。

蒂凡尼说：“当我加入SSL的董事会时，我迫切需要学习如何更好地管理我的捐赠。”“通常情况下，我会认真阅读我从非营利组织或朋友那里收到的邮件，有哪些事业需要我的捐款。但我希望我的捐赠变得更有条理，并学习最好的实践方法。”

现在，她在捐赠者服务基金会已经有了一个工具，可以通过慈善资金的投资来计划、跟踪和潜在地扩大她的捐赠。

蒂凡尼说，她打算用她的捐赠账户来支持SSL和其他她亲身参与的慈善机构，包括文章开头提到的Minds Matter，这是一个针对低收入、成绩优异的学生的大学入学项目，由她负责指导高二学生；还有Playworks，这是一家慈善机构，在学校里建立了有组织的、有包容性的课间活动项目。

虽然她最初是用现金来资助她的捐赠账户，但蒂凡尼也计划利用捐赠者服务基金账户接受股票捐赠。

令人兴奋的是，这个项目真正帮助这些孩子提升了他们的阅读水平。

捐赠人服务基金的一个特点是它的灵活性，这使得它非常有吸引力。DAF可以通过多种资产资助;现金、股票和房地产，也包括古董车、艺术品和珍本书籍等。

02
以数字和故事的形式提供结果

我们通过一笔小的捐赠来看看蒂凡尼如何实现和衡量她的影响力。

蒂凡尼于2016年向富达慈善基金会的捐赠账户建议，为SSL提供1500美元赠款，用于培训2名成员加入到SSL的志愿服务队(AmeriCorps)。

2015年，1034名学生参加了SSL，平均接受了80小时的校内干预援助和参加了430小时的课外项目。结果是:92%的学生提高了他们的读写能力，其中44%的学生超过了国家的发展水平，而94%的学生至少在社会情感发展的一个领域有所提高，包括同理心、冲突谈判、冲动控制和参与度。

 “所有最初参加这个项目的孩子都被老师认为是落后的差生，”蒂凡尼说。“令人兴奋的是，这个项目实际上帮助这些孩子回到了他们(正常)的阅读水平。

我在学生的故事和实际数字中都看到了这一点。他们正努力确保使捐款产生最好的影响，而且它们确实在影响孩子们的生活，而不是每天占用他们三个小时的时间。”

03
让捐赠成为日常生活的一部分

对于蒂凡尼来说，拥有一个专门用于慈善捐赠的基金，是在生活中将个人兴趣和社会兴趣有机结合的顺理成章的一步。

她在新西兰长大，从家庭和学校里，她学到了回馈社会的重要性。这种精神在宾夕法尼亚大学得以延续，她在那里是一个社区组织的一员，这个社区由一名儿童发展教授领导，他鼓励学生在贫困的西费城社区教导孩子。

随着蒂凡尼发现幼儿教育的障碍越来越多，她继续扩大了她感兴趣的慈善领域。很快，她就会用她的捐赠账户和时间来学习解决食品安全和学习中的负面关系。

“就我个人而言，我喜欢学习，”蒂凡尼说，“我认为这很令人兴奋。我想帮助解决教育不平等的问题。这对我来说非常重要，我希望我能激励更多的人加入到这项事业中来。”

原题：This Millennial is helping students grow skills in reading—and in life
来源：Fidelity Charitable

This Millennial is helping students grow skills in reading—and in life

Thanks to Fidelity Charitable donor Tiffany Yu, students who were falling behind are not only catching up, but getting ahead

Tiffany Yu says she’s always been "a bit of a math nerd." That’s why the 27-year-old San Francisco resident volunteered to teach math and science to sophomores at a Bay Area college access program for high school students three years ago, hoping to share her enthusiasm with kids from underprivileged backgrounds. But she noticed something interesting in the process: Equations weren’t standing in the way of these students having a career in STEM; words were.

The students could perform computational tasks well, but they couldn’t solve the same equations, using the same numbers, in word problems—a significant portion of standardized test content for college.

Yu, a big-data analytics consultant and University of Pennsylvania Wharton School graduate, saw a problem she could help solve. She discovered a local organization called Super Stars Literacy (SSL) that appealed to both her inner math geek and her education-driven volunteerism. SSL not only used a unique curriculum to guide development in both reading and behavioral progress for low-income children, it also measured growth for each student along the way. Yu could see how successful the nonprofit was in the data they reported.

Creating time and a fund for giving

Yu became involved with the nonprofit’s board of directors in 2016, which prompted her to make another important decision: She established a donor-advised fund, called a Giving Account, with Fidelity Charitable, so she could better organize her giving—and track her own charitable data.

“When I joined the board at Super Stars, I was really interested in learning about ways to better manage my giving,” Yu said. “Usually, I would just wait to see what I got in the mail from nonprofits or for friends to ask me to give to a cause. But I wanted my giving to become more structured and to learn about best practices.”

Now that she has a vehicle to plan, track and potentially grow her giving through the investment of the charitable dollars, Yu says she intends to use her Giving Account to support SSL and other charities with which she volunteers, including Minds Matter, a college-access program for low-income, high-achieving students for which she leads sophomore instruction; and Playworks, a charity that creates structured, inclusive recess programs in schools. Though she funded her Giving Account with cash initially, Yu plans to take advantage of her donor-advised fund’s ability to accept appreciated stock, too.

The exciting thing is that the program actually helps to bring these kids back up to their reading grade level.

Delivering results, in numbers and stories

A $1,500 grant, which Yu had recommended Fidelity Charitable make to SSL in 2016, covered the costs of training two of the 28 AmeriCorps members who deliver the program in participating schools. In 2015, 1,034 students participated in SSL, receiving an average of 80 hours of in-school intervention aid and 430 hours of afterschool programming. The result: 92 percent of students improved their literacy skills—with 44 percent surpassing national growth standards—while 94 percent showed improvement in at least one area of social-emotional growth, including empathy, conflict negotiation, impulse control and engagement.

“All the kids who come into this program have been deemed by their teachers as falling behind,” Yu says. “The exciting thing is that the program actually helps to bring these kids back up to their reading grade level. I’ve seen this both in the stories of the students and the actual numbers. They are trying to make sure that donations do have maximum impact, and that they are actually affecting the kids’ lives, not just taking up three hours every day of their time.”

Making giving part of daily life

For Yu, having a dedicated fund for charitable giving is a logical next step in living a life that seamlessly combines personal and social interest. Growing up in New Zealand, she learned the value of giving back from her family and from her school, whose motto (“By Love, Serve”) and emphasis on volunteerism instilled a holistic view of the world. That spirit continued at Penn, where she was part of a residential community led by a childhood development professor who encouraged students to mentor kids in impoverished West Philadelphia neighborhoods.

Yu continues to expand her areas of charitable interest as she discovers more barriers to early childhood education. Soon, she’ll begin tackling the negative relationship between food insecurity and learning with her Giving Account and her time.

“Personally, I love learning,” Yu said, “I think it’s very exciting. I want to help solve the educational disparities that disadvantage less fortunate members of our society. That’s incredibly important to me and I hope that I can motivate many others to join me in this cause.”

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